花青素

Anthocyanidins are common plant pigments.花青素是常見的植物色素。 They are the sugar-free counterparts of anthocyanins based on the flavylium ion or 2-phenylchromenylium (chromenylium is referred also to as benzopyrylium).它們是基於黃酮離子或2-苯基鉻ny的花色苷的無糖對應物（鉻ny也稱為苯並吡啶）。 They form a large group of polymethine dye.它們形成大量的聚次甲基染料。 In particular anthocyanidins are salt derivatives of the 2-phenylchromenylium cation, also known as flavylium cation.特別是花色素苷是XNUMX-苯基鉻鎓陽離子，也稱為黃酮陽離子的鹽衍生物。 As shown in the figure below, the phenyl group at the XNUMX-position can carry different substituents.如下圖所示，XNUMX-位的苯基可以帶有不同的取代基。 The counterion of the flavylium cation is mostly chloride.黃酮陽離子的抗衡離子主要是氯。 With this positive charge, the anthocyanidins differ from other flavonoids.在帶正電荷的情況下，花色素與其他類黃酮不同。
3-脫氧花青素是一類在碳3上缺乏羥基的花青素。