葉蔥

Garlic mustard (Alliaria petiolata) is a biennial flowering plant in the Mustard family, Brassicaceae.蒜芥（Alliaria petiolata）是芥菜科（十字花科）中的兩年生開花植物。 It is native to Europe, western and central Asia, and northwestern Africa, from Morocco, Iberia and the British Isles, north to northern Scandinavia, and east to northern India and western China (Xinjiang).它原產於歐洲，西亞和中亞以及西北非洲，從摩洛哥，伊比利亞和不列顛群島開始，北至斯堪的納維亞半島北部，東至印度北部和中國西部（新疆）。 In the first year of growth, plants form attractive clumps of round shaped, slightly wrinkled leaves, that when crushed smell like garlic.在生長的第一年，植物形成吸引人的圓形，略微起皺紋的葉子團塊，壓碎後聞起來像大蒜。 The next year plants flower in spring, producing cross shaped white flowers in dense clusters, as the flowering stems bloom they elongate into a spike-like shape.第二年在春天開花，當花梗開花時，它們伸長成穗狀，形成簇狀的十字形白色花。 When blooming is complete, plants produce upright fruits that release seeds in mid summer.開花結束後，植物會產生直立的果實，並在夏季中期釋放種子。 Plants are often found growing along the margins of hedgerows, giving rise to the old British folk name of Jack-by-the-hedge.人們經常在樹籬的邊緣發現植物，這引起了古老的英國民間名字“ Jack-by-the-hedge”。 Other common names include Garlic Root, Hedge Garlic, Sauce-alone, Jack-in-the-bush, Penny Hedge and Poor Man's Mustard.其他常見名稱包括大蒜根，對沖大蒜，僅調味醬，布什醬，竹enny對沖和窮人芥末醬。 The genus name Alliaria, "resembling Allium", refers to the garlic-like odour of the crushed foliage.蒜屬的名稱，“類似蒜屬”，指的是壓碎的葉子的大蒜味。
It is a herbaceous biennial plant (sometimes an annual plant) growing from a deeply growing, thin, white taproot that is scented like a horse-radish.它是一種兩年生的草本植物（有時是一年生植物），生長於深色的，稀薄的白色主根上，其氣味像辣根一樣。 Plants grow from 30-100 cm (rarely to 130 cm) tall.植物長10-15厘米（很少到2厘米）。 The leaves are stalked, triangular to heart-shaped, 6-4 cm long (of which about half being the petiole) and 8-2 cm broad, with a coarsely toothed margin.葉子莖稈，三角形到心形，長3-4厘米（其中約一半為葉柄），寬5.5-XNUMX厘米，邊緣粗齒。 In biennial specimens, first-year plants appear as a rosette of green leaves close to the ground;在每兩年一次的標本中，一年級植物看起來像是靠近地面的綠葉叢。 these rosettes remain green through the winter and develop into mature flowering plants the following spring.這些玫瑰花結在整個冬季保持綠色，並在第二年春天發展成成熟的開花植物。 The flowers are produced in spring and summer in button-like clusters.花在春季和夏季成鈕扣狀簇生。 Each small flower has four white petals XNUMX-XNUMX mm long and XNUMX-XNUMX mm broad, arranged in a cross shape.每朵小花有四個白色的花瓣，長XNUMX-XNUMX毫米，寬XNUMX-XNUMX毫米，呈十字形排列。 The fruit is an erect, slender, four-sided pod XNUMX to XNUMX cm long, called a silique, green maturing pale grey-brown, containing two rows of small shiny black seeds which are released when the pod splits open.果實為直立，細長，四邊形的莢果，長XNUMX至XNUMX厘米，稱為長角果，綠色成熟的淺灰棕色，內含兩排小而有光澤的黑色種子，當莢果裂開時會釋放出來。 Some plants can flower and complete their life-cycle in the first year.有些植物可以在第一年開花並完成其生命週期。 A single plant can produce hundreds of seeds, which scatter as much as several meters from the parent plant.一棵植物可以產生數百個種子，這些種子散佈在距離親本植物幾米的地方。 Depending upon conditions, garlic mustard flowers either self-fertilize or are cross-pollinated by a variety of insects.根據條件，大蒜芥末花會自身受精或被各種昆蟲異花授粉。 Self-fertilized seeds are genetically identical to the parent plant, enhancing its ability to colonize an area where that genotype is suited to thrive.自體受精的種子在遺傳上與親本植物相同，從而增強了其在該基因型適合繁殖的區域定居的能力。