藥理學

Pharmacognosy is the study of medicines derived from natural sources.生藥學是對天然來源藥物的研究。 The American Society of Pharmacognosy defines pharmacognosy as "the study of the physical, chemical, biochemical and biological properties of drugs, drug substances or potential drugs or drug substances of natural origin as well as the search for new drugs from natural sources.美國生藥學協會將生藥學定義為“對藥物，藥物物質或潛在藥物或天然藥物物質的物理，化學，生化和生物學特性的研究，以及從自然資源中尋找新藥物的研究。
The word "pharmacognosy" derives from the Greek words pharmakon (drug), and gnosis or "knowledge".單詞“ pharmacognosy”源自希臘語pharmakon（drug）和gnosis或“ knowledge”。 The term pharmacognosy was used for the first time by the Austrian physician Schmidt in 1811. Originally - during the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century - "pharmacognosy" was used to define the branch of medicine or commodity sciences ("Warenkunde" in German) which dealt with drugs in their crude, or unprepared, form.奧地利醫師Schmidt於XNUMX年首次使用藥理學一詞。最初-在XNUMX世紀和XNUMX世紀初-“藥理學”用於定義醫學或商品科學的分支（“ Warenkunde”德國）以原始或未經製備的形式處理毒品。 Crude drugs are the dried, unprepared material of plant, animal or mineral origin, used for medicine.粗製藥物是植物，動物或礦物來源的干燥未製備的材料，用於藥物。 The study of these materials under the name pharmakognosie was first developed in German-speaking areas of Europe, while other language areas often used the older term materia medica taken from the works of Galen and Dioscorides.以pharmakognosie的名義對這些材料進行的研究最早是在歐洲的德語區進行的，而其他語言區則經常使用從Galen和Dioscorides的作品中提取的較早的本草術語。 In German the term drogenkunde ("science of crude drugs") is also used synonymously.在德語中，術語drogenkunde（“粗製藥物科學”）也被同義詞使用。